Operators

An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform a specific operation. C language has the following types of operators −

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators

1. Arithmetic Operators

An arithmetic operator performs mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division etc on numerical values (constants and variables).

Example :

// Example of arithmetic operators

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    int a = 9,b = 4, c;
    
    c = a+b;
    printf("a+b = %d \n",c);
    c = a-b;
    printf("a-b = %d \n",c);
    c = a*b;
    printf("a*b = %d \n",c);
    c = a/b;
    printf("a/b = %d \n",c);
    c = a%b;
    printf("Remainder when a divided by b = %d \n",c);
    c = a++;
    printf("Incremented val of a");
    c = a--;
    printf("Decremented val of a");

    return 0;
}

 // program to check even and odd
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a;
    printf("enter a number \n");
    scanf("%d", &a);
    if (a % 2 == 0)
    {
        printf("%d is even number\n", a);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("%d  is odd number \n", a);
    }
    return 0;
}

// OUTPUT:
enter a number:  5
5  is odd number

2.Relational operator:

Relational operators are used to perform various relational operations in C programming.

Definition: Relational operators are binary meaning they require two operands. Relational operators have left to right associativity.

Symbol            Operator name                         Example

Basically this is used for comparison between two operands and it is very easy to understand.

Let’s start with example;

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    // realtional operator
    int a = 10;
    int b = 5;
    printf("a==b=%d \n", a == b);
    printf("a!=b=%d\n", a != b);
    printf("a>b=%d \n", a > b);
    printf("a<b=%d \n", a < b);
    return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

a==b=0 
a!=b=1
a>b=1 
a<b=0 

3.Logical operator:

They are used to combine two or more conditions or to complement the evaluation of the original condition under consideration. Each type of logical operator are discussed below:

3.1 Logical AND operator: The ‘&&’ operator returns true when both the conditions are satisfied. Otherwise, it returns false. For example, a && b returns true when both a and b are true (i.e. non-zero).

3.2  Logical OR operator: The ‘||’ operator returns true even if one (or both) of the conditions are satisfied. Otherwise, it returns false. For example, a || b returns true if one of a or b, or both are true (i.e. non-zero). Of course, it returns true when both a and b are true.

3.3 Logical NOT operator: The ‘!’ operator returns true if the condition  is not satisfied. Otherwise, it returns false. For example, !a returns true if a is false, i.e. when a=0.

Lets understand with example:

Example:write a C program by using all logical operations.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a = 10, b = 10, c = 20;

    if((a == b) && (c > b)){
    printf("(a == b) && (c > b) then true \n");
    }
     if( (a == b) && (c < b)){
    printf("(a == b) && (c < b) then false\n");
    }
     if( (a == b) || (c < b)){
    printf("(a == b) || (c < b) then false\n");

        }
             if( (a != b) || (c < b)){
    printf("(a != b) || (c < b) then false\n");
            }
    if( !(a != b)){
    printf("!(a != b) is then true \n");
    }
    if(!(a == b)){
    printf("!(a == b) is then false\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

4. Bitwise operator:

   Bitwise operators work only at bit operation.when we perform bitwise operation then it is also known as bit level programming,this operator calculates only two digits (0 & 1).

In C different type of bitwise operator are used,they are:-

Now look at on truth table so that you can understand smoothly:

Now simply describe one by one BITWISE OPERATOR:

• Bitwise AND  Operator :In bitwise AND operator, two operands are written on both sides of the (&) operator. If the corresponding bits of both the operands are 1, then the output of the bitwise AND operation is 1; otherwise, the output would be 0.

Example:write a C program by using bitwise AND operator.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a = 5;
    int b = 6;
    printf("value of AND operator of a&b  is =  %d", a & b);
    return 0;
}

Output:

value of AND operator of a&b  is =  4

• Bitwise OR  Operator:In bitwise OR operator, two operands are written on both sides of the (|) operator. If the corresponding bits of any of the operands are 1, then the output of the bitwise OR operation is 1; otherwise, the output would be 0.

Example:write a C program by using bitwise OR operator.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a = 7;
    int b = 5;
    printf("value of OR operator of a|b  is =  %d", a | b);
    return 0;
}

Output:

value of OR operator of a|b is = 7

5. Assignment operator:

The assignment operator is used to  assign the value in a variable. The most used assignment variable is =.

Example:write a C program by using the Assignment operator.

// Example of assignment operators
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a = 6, b;

    b = a;      // b is 6
    printf("b = %d\n", b);
    b += a;     // b is 12
    printf("b = %d\n", b);
    b -= a;     // b is 6
    printf("b = %d\n", b);
    b *= a;     // b is 36
    printf("b = %d\n", b);
    b/= a;     // b is 6
    printf("b = %d\n", b);
    b %= a;     // b = 0
    printf("b = %d\n", b);

    return 0;
}

Output:

b = 6
b = 12
b = 6
b = 36
b = 6
b = 0